Description
Natural farming (NF) significantly improved soil physical, chemical and biological properties compared to conventional practices (CP) and chemical-free farming (CF). NF increased pH, water content, total carbon, and enzyme activities while reducing bulk density and electrical conductivity. Noticed increased microbial abundance and diversity compared to CP, especially in topsoil (0-10 cm).
Findings
Integrated practices like organic fertilization, reduced tillage, and crop residue mulching in NF create a more favorable soil environment. Chemical fertilizers and pesticides in CP negatively impact soil quality over time. Topsoil is more sensitive to management practices than deeper soil layers.
Stats
Soil pH in NF: 6.92 (0-10 cm), 7.05 (10-20 cm) vs. 6.00 and 6.38 in CP
Urease activity in NF topsoil: 69.05 mg/kg vs. 45.27 in CP and 22.27 in CF
Bulk density in NF topsoil: 0.96 g/cm3 vs. 1.01 in CP and 1.10 in CF Shannon diversity index (0-10 cm): 6.39 in NF, 6.91 in CF, 5.62 in CP
Unique genera in NF: Pedomicrobium, Solirubrobacter, Lentzea
Unique genera in CP: Erwinia, Sphingobacterium, Comamonas